#!/usr/bin/env python from types import MethodType class Dog(): # <1> pass d1 = Dog() # <2> def bark(self): # <3> print("Woof! woof!") setattr(Dog, "bark", bark) # <4> d2 = Dog() # <5> d1.bark() # <6> d2.bark() def wag(self): # <7> print("Wagging...") setattr(d1, "wag", MethodType(wag, d1)) # <8> d1.wag() # <9> try: d2.wag() # <10> except AttributeError as err: print(err)